MUSIC
MUSICMUSIC K-2
Characteristics of the Young Elementary School Student
The primary school years are a period of tremendous adjustment and growth. Students are making transitions from home or pre-school settings to structured school settings. Children in grades K-2 are naturally curious learners. They are usually eager to try new things, and have the ability to create freely. Thus, the K-2 music program provides an experiential environment.
The Learning Experience
The K-2 music program is designed to encourage children's natural enthusiasm for music. For many children, this is their first experience with any type of structured music class. Through singing, playing instruments, creating, moving, guided listening, and other experiential involvement, young children discover and develop their musical abilities. Students learn to recognize and demonstrate the basic musical elements of melody, rhythm, harmony, texture, tempo, dynamics, timbre, and form.
Content Integration
Content integration is a natural way for young children to acquire meaning from their world. The ideal elementary program provides rich integration in the areas of English Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, and other content areas both within and outside of the arts. Music can be a vehicle for understanding major concepts that occur across content areas such as patterns, cycles, and processes. Music is used to reinforce and helps students learn mathematics skills such as counting and grouping, emerging literacy skills such as sound/symbol correspondence, and the writing process. Students are encouraged to model character traits such as respect, responsibility, kindness, integrity, courage, perseverance, self-discipline, and good judgment through their participation in music.
Presentations
Many young children are creatively uninhibited, and tend to be eager to perform their accomplishments in front of a willing audience. The desire to present their learnings is a normal progression. The creative process motivates students to share, analyze, and evaluate their own work, and the work of others.
Opportunities for informal sharing are developmentally appropriate at the K-2 level. Informances may be used to demonstrate the process for how students arrive at the product or performance as a result of instruction, rather than focusing solely on the end result. Presenting what has been studied or created in the music class is a learning experience that helps children define the roles of performers and audience members, teaches students to respond to and critique music appropriately, and helps students build confidence and pride in their work. Sharing musical experiences also helps students foster an appreciation of music as an art form and as a form of communication.
Program Continuity
Throughout the curriculum objectives progress from one grade level to the next. Some objectives may recur at more than one grade level; however, the content, instruction, student outcomes, and evaluation methods should increase in sophistication at each grade level, or whenever differentiation is appropriate. Teachers should modify objectives appropriately to meet the instructional and developmental needs of each student. The K-2 music program prepares students to continue music studies at the upper elementary school level.
MUSIC - Kindergarten
Kindergarten is the entry level for study in music. Learning is primarily experiential. Focus areas at this level include:
- Developing appropriate vocal and instrumental practices
- Developing beginning skills in improvising and creating music
- Reading simple rhythmic and melodic notation
- Developing beginning skills in listening to, analyzing, and evaluating music
- Developing understanding of music in relation to history, culture, and other content areas
- Showing respect for the efforts of others
Strands: Creating, Performing, Responding, Understanding
COMPETENCY GOAL 1: The learner will sing, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 1)
Objectives
1.01 Recognize and demonstrate the difference between speaking and singing voices.
1.02 Match pitch within a developmentally appropriate range.
1.03 Sing with correct posture.
1.04 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
1.05 Sing a variety of music.
1.06 Show respect for the singing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 2: The learner will play on instruments, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 2)
Objectives
2.01 Recognize and play pitched and unpitched instruments.
2.02 Echo simple rhythmic patterns.
2.03 Play with appropriate technique and posture.
2.04 Demonstrate a steady beat.
2.05 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
2.06 Play a varied repertoire of music.
2.07 Show respect for the instrumental playing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 3: The learner will improvise melodies, variations, and accompaniments. (National Standard 3)
Objectives
3.01 Improvise a response by singing, playing, and or moving to given rhythmic and melodic phrases.
3.02 Improvise simple rhythmic and melodic ostinati.
3.03 Improvise simple rhythmic variations using familiar pentatonic melodies.
3.04 Improvise short songs and instrumental pieces using a variety of sound sources.
3.05 Show respect for the improvisational efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 4: The learner will compose and arrange music within specified guidelines. (National Standard 4)
Objectives
4.01 Select musical sounds to accompany readings or dramatizations.
4.02 Compose a simple melody using at least two pitches.
4.03 Compose a simple rhythmic pattern using quarter and eighth note and quarter rest durations.
4.04 Show respect for the composing and arranging efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 5: The learner will read and notate music. (National Standard 5)
Objectives
5.01 Read simple rhythmic notation including quarter notes, eighth notes, and quarter rests.
5.02 Read simple melodic notation.
5.03 Show respect for the reading and notating efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 6: The learner will listen to, analyze, and describe music. (National Standard 6)
Objectives
6.01 Identify same/different and call/response sections in music.
6.02 Demonstrate perceptual skills by answering questions about aural musical examples of various styles and cultures.
6.03 Identify sound sources visually and aurally.
6.04 Respond through purposeful movement to prominent music characteristics while listening to music.
6.05 Show respect while listening to and analyzing music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 7: The learner will evaluate music and music performances. (National Standard 7)
Objectives
7.01 Relate personal reactions to music selections.
7.02 Demonstrate respect for the musical efforts and opinions of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 8: The learner will understand relationships between music, the other arts, and content areas outside the arts. (National Standard 8)
Objectives
8.01 Recognize commonalities between music and the other arts.
8.02 Identify ways in which the principles and subject matter of other content areas taught in the school including English Language Arts, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies are related to those of music.
8.03 Demonstrate the character traits of responsibility, self-discipline, and perseverance while informally or formally participating in music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 9: The learner will understand music in relation to history and culture. (National Standard 9)
Objectives
9.01 Identify aural examples of music from various historical periods and cultures.
9.02 Identify various uses of music.
9.03 Identify roles of musicians.
9.04 Show respect for music from various cultures and historical periods.
MUSIC - Grade 1
The study of music is cumulative and sequential to include learning from the previous grade level. Learning at this grade level is primarily experiential. Focus areas include:
- Developing appropriate vocal and instrumental practices
- Developing skills in improvising and creating music
- Recognizing simple symbols and terms
- Reading and notating melodic and rhythmic patterns
- Developing skills in listening to, analyzing, and evaluating music
- Developing understanding of music in relation to history, culture, and other content areas
- Showing respect for the efforts of others
Strands: Creating, Performing, Responding, Understanding
COMPETENCY GOAL 1: The learner will sing, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 1)
Objectives
1.01 Recognize and demonstrate the difference between speaking and singing voices.
1.02 Match pitch within a developmentally appropriate range, using head tones.
1.03 Sing with correct posture.
1.04 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
1.05 Sing a variety of music representing diverse genres, styles, and cultures.
1.06 Show respect for the singing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 2: The learner will play on instruments, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 2)
Objectives
2.01 Recognize and play pitched and unpitched instruments.
2.02 Play with increased rhythmic accuracy.
2.03 Play with appropriate technique and posture.
2.04 Demonstrate and maintain a steady beat.
2.05 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
2.06 Play a varied repertoire of music.
2.07 Show respect for the instrumental playing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 3: The learner will improvise melodies, variations, and accompaniments. (National Standard 3)
Objectives
3.01 Improvise an appropriate response to given rhythmic and melodic phrases.
3.02 Improvise simple rhythmic and melodic ostinati and ostinato accompaniments.
3.03 Improvise simple rhythmic variations of familiar melodies.
3.04 Improvise short songs and instrumental pieces using a variety of sound sources.
3.05 Show respect for the improvisational efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 4: The learner will compose and arrange music within specified guidelines. (National Standard 4)
Objectives
4.01 Select and create music to accompany readings or dramatizations.
4.02 Compose a simple melody using at least three pitches.
4.03 Compose a simple rhythmic pattern using quarter and eighth note and quarter rest durations.
4.04 Use a variety of sound, notational, and technological sources to compose and arrange music.
4.05 Show respect for the composing and arranging efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 5: The learner will read and notate music. (National Standard 5)
Objectives
5.01 Read simple rhythmic notation including half, quarter, and eighth note durations, and quarter rest durations.
5.02 Read simple melodic notation.
5.03 Recognize and respond to simple symbols and terms.
5.04 Use symbols to notate simple musical patterns.
5.05 Show respect for the reading and notating efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 6: The learner will listen to, analyze, and describe music. (National Standard 6)
Objectives
6.01 Identify simple music forms when presented aurally, including AB, ABA, and Introduction.
6.02 Demonstrate perceptual skills by answering questions about and discussing aural examples of music.
6.03 Identify a variety of instruments visually and aurally.
6.04 Identify solo and group vocal timbres of children's voices.
6.05 Respond through purposeful movement to prominent music characteristics while listening to music.
6.06 Show respect while listening to and analyzing music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 7: The learner will evaluate music and music performances. (National Standard 7)
Objectives
7.01 Explain personal reactions to musical works.
7.02 Demonstrate respect for the musical efforts and opinions of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 8: The learner will understand relationships between music, the other arts, and content areas outside the arts. (National Standard 8)
Objectives
8.01 Identify commonalties between music and the other arts areas.
8.02 Identify ways in which the principles and subject matter of other content areas taught in the school are related to those of music.
8.03 Demonstrate the character traits of responsibility, self-discipline, and perseverance while informally or formally participating in music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 9: The learner will understand music in relation to history and culture. (National Standard 9)
Objectives
9.01 Identify aural examples of music from various historical periods and cultures.
9.02 Identify various uses of music.
9.03 Identify roles of musicians.
9.04 Show respect for music from various cultures and historical periods.
MUSIC - Grade 2
The study of music is cumulative and sequential to include learning from previous grade levels. Learning at this grade level is primarily experiential. The focus areas include:
- Demonstrating appropriate vocal and instrumental practices
- Demonstrating increased pitch and rhythmic accuracy
- Identifying traditional symbols and terms
- Reading and notating simple rhythmic and melodic patterns
- Developing skills in improvising, composing, and arranging music
- Developing listening, analyzing, and evaluating skills
- Developing understanding of music in relation to history, culture, and other content areas
- Showing respect for the efforts of others
Strands: Creating, Performing, Responding, Understanding
COMPETENCY GOAL 1: The learner will sing, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 1)
Objectives
1.01 Sing phrases or simple songs with increased pitch accuracy.
1.02 Match pitch within a developmentally appropriate vocal range, using head tones.
1.03 Sing phrases or simple songs with increased rhythmic accuracy.
1.04 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
1.05 Sing with proper vocal technique using head tones, clear diction, and correct posture.
1.06 Sing expressively with appropriate dynamics and phrasing.
1.07 Sing a variety of music representing diverse genres, styles, and cultures.
1.08 Show respect for the singing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 2: The learner will play on instruments, alone and with others, a varied repertoire of music. (National Standard 2)
Objectives
2.01 Play with increased pitch accuracy.
2.02 Play with increased rhythmic accuracy.
2.03 Play with appropriate posture and increased technical accuracy.
2.04 Play expressively with appropriate dynamics.
2.05 Play instrumental parts while others sing and/or play rhythmic, melodic, or harmonic parts.
2.06 Respond to the cues of a conductor.
2.07 Play music representing diverse styles, genres, and cultures.
2.08 Show respect for the instrumental playing efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 3: The learner will improvise melodies, variations, and accompaniments. (National Standard 3)
Objectives
3.01 Improvise an appropriate answer to given rhythmic and melodic questions.
3.02 Improvise simple pentatonic melodies.
3.03 Improvise simple rhythmic and melodic ostinato accompaniments.
3.04 Improvise simple rhythmic and melodic variations of familiar melodies.
3.05 Improvise short songs and instrumental pieces using a variety of sound sources including electronic media.
3.06 Show respect for the improvisational efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 4: The learner will compose and arrange music within specified guidelines. (National Standard 4)
Objectives
4.01 Create and arrange music to accompany readings or dramatizations.
4.02 Compose a simple melody using at least five pitches.
4.03 Compose a simple rhythmic piece using half, quarter, eighth note and quarter rest durations.
4.04 Use a variety of sound, notational, and technological sources to compose and arrange music.
4.05 Show respect for the composing and arranging efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 5: The learner will read and notate music. (National Standard 5)
Objectives
5.01 Read rhythmic notation with increased accuracy including whole, half, quarter, and eighth notes and quarter rests in 2/4 and 3/4 meters.
5.02 Read simple melodic notation with increased accuracy.
5.03 Identify traditional symbols and terms.
5.04 Use symbols to notate simple musical patterns.
5.05 Show respect for the reading and notating efforts of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 6: The learner will listen to, analyze, and describe music. (National Standard 6)
Objectives
6.01 Identify simple music forms when presented aurally including AB, ABA, and Introduction/Coda.
6.02 Demonstrate perceptual skills by answering questions about and describing aural musical examples of various styles and cultures.
6.03 Discuss music using appropriate terminology.
6.04 Identify a variety of classroom, orchestral, band, and cultural instruments by their timbre.
6.05 Identify solo and group vocal timbres including children's voices, and male/female adult voices.
6.06 Respond through purposeful movement to prominent music characteristics while listening to music.
6.07 Show respect while listening to and analyzing music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 7: The learner will evaluate music and music performances. (National Standard 7)
Objectives
7.01 Devise criteria for evaluating performances and compositions of self and others.
7.02 Explain personal reactions to musical works.
7.03 Demonstrate respect for the musical efforts and opinions of others.
COMPETENCY GOAL 8: The learner will understand relationships between music, the other arts, and content areas outside the arts. (National Standard 8)
Objectives
8.01 Identify and explain commonalties between music and the other arts areas.
8.02 Identify ways in which the principles and subject matter of other content areas taught in the school are related to those of music.
8.03 Demonstrate the character traits of responsibility, self-discipline, and perseverance while informally or formally participating in music.
COMPETENCY GOAL 9: The learner will understand music in relation to history and culture. (National Standard 9)
Objectives
9.01 Identify the style of aural musical examples from various historical periods and cultures.
9.02 Describe in simple terms how elements of music are used in music examples from various cultures in the world.
9.03 Identify various uses of music, and describe characteristics that make certain music suitable for each use.
9.04 Identify and describe roles of musicians in various musical settings and cultures.
9.05 Show respect for music from various cultures and historical periods.
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